Global Enterprise and Innovation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Worldwide Enterprise and Innovation - Assignment Example The general thought is to comprehend NIS profoundly and obviously. There are many fascinating highlights that one would see in United Kingdom’s business condition. In the event that we take a gander at the most recent investigation of this nation, we will see that it has pulled in numerous outside ventures. â€Å"The UK is the second biggest single goal internationally for US venture and in 2011 represented 26 percent of all the US speculation stock in the European Union.† (UKTI, 2012). The economy is doing truly well for as long as scarcely any years and expansion is in charge of the Bank of England, which is answerable for setting loan fees. Organizations are prospering great in UK’s mechanical field on the grounds that the trade rates are moderately steady. Money assumes a huge job while working in remote nations. Organizations working internationally need to watch out for the swapping scale each coming day. Imports and fares are doing admirably in the nation. There are a bigger number of fares than the imports, which is the primary purpose for winning remote salary. UK is likewise taking a shot at bringing down the corporate expense rates with the goal that an ever increasing number of organizations could be pulled in into the nation. As of late, UK has brought down the duty rate up to 3 percent. The workers of this nation are fulfilled representatives since they pay less standardized savings commitments when contrasted with other European nations. Pioneering organizations are on the blast. Indeed, even a new alumni can fire up an independent company effectively here on account of the good economic situations. For instance, running food truck is exceptionally basic in UK. In general, setting up a business in UK is exceptionally quick and simple. One can set up his business and get himself enrolled in this nation inside 24 hours, yet everything relies upon what sort of business he needs to begin and in which state. There are numerous business counselors inside the nation who can control you well about this. They can refresh you with the current status of organizations and the related business,

Think In Practical Way Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Think In Practical Way Essay, Research Paper Think in Practical way Nursing is an energizing and questioning field to investigate. Nursing utilizes a logical strategy to be after consideration for individuals in intense unwellnesss and learn them how to stay solid or header with their unwellness. Medical attendants essentially the aide of the doctors. They help the doctors by giving clinical claim to fame, intercessions, preliminaries, infusions, or draw blood as coordinated by the specialist. They other than watch patients for mental, physical, cultural or potentially passionate adjustments and record modifications. There are a few field of occupations that an enlisted medical caretaker can go through. Medical attendant educators in a network or college universities and enrolled medical attendants who work in a hospital are two of the outlines in the field of nursing occupation. College and school teachers of nursing give propelled heading to understudies in the field of nursing. principal, to be an instuctor, an individual must be an enrolled nurture with at to the most minimal degree hold an unmarried man # 8217 ; s grade. We will compose a custom article test on Think In Practical Way Essay Research Paper or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In today # 8217 ; s society, educators regularly have a maestro # 8217 ; s grade. Second, their hands on hours shifts orchestrating to learning trouble. They typically wear # 8217 ; Ts have a stable hands on hours. Working hours genuinely relies upon their encounters, senior status, and open introduction. Their occupation is an agreement balance simply. Instructors # 8217 ; contracts run between nine to a year in a twelvemonth. Third, blending to EUREKA, mean junior college instructor wage is $ 3,166 every month and extents from $ 2,577 to $ 3,990 every month. Full moon teachers and those with numerous mature ages of experience may pick up from $ 3,833 to $ 5,463 for each month. The top pay may rise above $ 6,932 every month. At last, EUREKA other than says that California work by 2005 are 76,330 college and school are anticipated to be utilized with 33,850 holes. Pay changes with size, geographic area, and sort of foundation. Enrolled attendants are the run of the mill nurture that you find in a clinical domain or hospital. To start with, partner grade is the base measure to be an enlisted nurture. The second disparity, they are regularly appointed a twenty-four hours, eventide, or dull removal. All things considered, they work 12 hours a twenty-four hours three yearss a hebdomad. We as a whole know when we surpass eight hours of work, we get paid one and a half. The greater part of the medical caretakers today, they have double occupations. In that occasion, their compensation are multiplied. The third distinction between teachers is their pay. Orchestrating to Aha, the section wage ranges from each piece low as $ 823 to $ 4,330 every month. Compensation for experient medical caretakers may run from $ 1,200 to over $ 5,565 every month. Top compensation can run from $ 1,470 to over $ 6,080 every month. The compensation genuinely relies upon encounters, guidance, geographic area and size and kind of manager. At last, EUREKA other than says that 222,430 enrolled attendants are anticipated to be utilized by 2005 with 45,220 hole in California. The vast majority of import of the classs above is the occupation mindset for the great beyond. Based on EUREKA, I would fix to take enrolled attendants who work in a clinical condition since they have higher chances to procure an occupation in the great beyond contrasted with learning. With regards to guidance requests, guidance has a long strategy of clasp than customary medical attendants. At the point when we are talking about monetary undertaking, learning could be better somehow or another. Instructing has a higher pay than a standard medical caretaker. It is other than non stressfull than an attendant who works in a clinical field. Be that as it may, shouldn't something be said about double occupation, can a full clasp educator grasp another occupation? I wear # 8217 ; t think so ( intensional ) . In this situation, the medical caretakers who get ready to work in a clinic have an enormous favorable position from realizing with regards to cash concocting.

Somewhere in between

Somewhere in between This semester has been weird for me. On one side I am for all intents and purposes I am a junior, a 2020. I will not be graduating until 2020, my degree will say 2020, and for the most parts my day to day classmates are 2020. On the other hand I am a senior. My oldest friends walked into MIT with me back in 2015, my brass rat says 2019, and despite not graduating this year I am still on the email list for the year I entered MIT with. So I am allowed to go to senior ball, senior week, and any other senior events that are planned for the class of 2019. My main concerns currently revolve around doing my best for the last semester that will really matter before I apply to graduate school. I am taking five classes for the first time, I am spending a lot of my free time UROPing, and now I am pushing to do well on the four finals I will have next week. However, The last few months for a majority of my best friends has been something along the lines of applying or choosing a graduate school, med school, and occasionally law school, looking for places to live in their new found location after MIT, and doing a bunch of ‘lasts’ here at MIT (last DT dance show, last pset, last lecture, etc). I can’t help but feel a bit displaced. I am happy to see my friends finally finishing up here and successfully making it through what is undoubtedly some of the hardest four years of their life, but at the same time…. I don’t want to say bye just yet. I have never regretted my decision to take a year off and study in China, but it slowly starting to hit me that this year is the ‘easy’ year as far as adjusting socially. For the most part the people that I grew through MIT with are still here, and are still very foundational to what makes MIT home to me, but these last few weeks I have had to come to terms that a lot of them are going on to bigger and better thing. So when someone asks me “what year are you?” I often have a hard time answering. I am not graduating this year so the “congratulations you made it,” that often comes with me saying I am a senior often feels undeserved, but saying that I am a junior makes me feel almost as if I am losing a piece of who I am. I think I personally feel as if I am a 2019, but going through the whole “I took a year to study in China, but I studied Chinese, so it really didn’t contribute to me finishing my course 20 degree, so now I have a degree in Chinese, but I have to go for another year to finish my course 20 degree, so I am technically a 19 but kind of a 20…….” Seems like a lot whenever someone asks me what year I am, so more often than not I just say I am a junior to avoid any unnecessary confusion. Now don’t get me wrong over this past year I have made amazing connection and friendships in the class of 2020 as well as 2021 and 2022 (….. - these don’t seem like real years to me), but there is still something about looking back at my pictures from CPW and that many of those people are still a very integral part of my life. Seeing my friend’s tiny prefrosh little faces and then looking at them at senior ball grown and ready to take on the world really makes me appreciate just how far we have all come and how long we have been at the institute. Before coming to MIT I moved every 2-3 years so knowing some of these people for 4 years makes them some of the ‘oldest’ friends I have, and they have become some of the few people I can look to and say ‘hey remember when that happened?’ But I am trying not be too sad in seeing them go, I mean look at my friends…. They have become amazing dancers, tattoo artists, writers, engineers, computer scientists, biologists, finance people… whatever that’s called, and just people in general, and I am thankful to have been a part of their life. I am making my own road through MIT and I am happy with how my life has gone but to any 2019 that is reading this, MIT isn’t going to be the same without you. I could not have asked for a better class of peers, friends, and family, I wish you all the very best in whatever avenue you have decided to go down!!!! MIT CLASS OF 2019 FROM NOW UNTIL FOREVER!!!! Here are some glow up pictures of some 19s from prefrosh/frosh to senior year, see if you can make some connections: Frosh/prefrosh Sophmores Welp they are seniors.. (I unfortunatly had to be somewhere for this senior ball pic. but look at these people amazing right!!!)

The Nature Of People s Beliefs - 1660 Words

Philosophy allows people to study the nature of people’s beliefs. Throughout history people’s beliefs have differed. At one time people may believe one idea and decades later people may completely disagree with that idea. Not even the ideas of the law are exempt from this occurrence. Since the spoken word, hundreds of philosophers have defined law in different ways. Seeing law in different ways people can come to different conclusions about specific cases. The Fugitive Slave Law was a controversial law in American history. The Fugitive Slave Law allowed slave-owners to capture their slaves who have fled North to free states. In United States v Morris, the emancipators challenged the Fugitive Slave Law in Boston. A group of emancipators†¦show more content†¦Philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas describes the Natural Law theory as a theory coming from the eternal law which is God’s law imprinted on us. People determine moral issues from what is right and wro ng. Aquinas did think the answers for the moral issues were clear; however, he still asserted that sometimes it is hard for people to decipher what was right and wrong. Aquinas thinks laws come from the conclusions made from basic human knowledge - knowing right and wrong. The law of nature derives from morality Aquinas would say that morality and justice are serve from the moral law and justice, and is what morality requires of us (Aquinas). Morality requires us to act righteously. If a law is not moral, thus it is not a law I don t see that you have explained why Aquinas thinks that. The Fugitive Slave Law goes against the laws of nature. Humans have their own free will and the law of nature does not permit one human to claim another human. People are not property and have their own free will. Obviously, morality says people are not possessions. One cannot approach a person and say, â€Å"I own you.† It is not morally justifiable. According to Aquinas, the Fugitive Slave L aw is not a real law because it does not follow morality. At the time of the Fugitive Slave Law, people knew slavery was wrong; so, the jurors in Morris did conduct in the appropriate manner. As stated before, natural law theory states a law requires morality. The jurors

Bill Clintons Doctrine of Enlargement of Foreign Policies

Bill Clinton’s Doctrine of Enlargement of Foreign Policies Tommy Wong American History Mr. McCarthy May 2, 2011 During his inauguration from 1993 to 2001, United States President William Jefferson Clinton, also known as Bill Clinton, promoted democracy and improved foreign relationships by using non-aggressive policies. These policies were based on Clinton’s belief and principle, which was also known as the Doctrine of Enlargement. The Doctrine of Enlargement asked for a free competition in global trade and promoting democracy with minimum intervention in foreign political affairs while America to be remaining as the global leader. Clinton had planned and created this doctrine of enlargement before he inaugurated as the President of†¦show more content†¦The United Nations has not banished repression or poverty from the Earth, but it has advanced the cause of freedom and prosperity on every continent. The United Nations has not been all that we wished it would be, but it has been a force for good and a bulwark against evil. From his speech Clinton explained the importance of the United Nations is and what effects it has brought and can bring to the world. Clinton actively participated in the United Nations during his presidency as a fulfillment of his doctrine. He believed that reforming the United Nations is an efficient way to make the world a better and safer place. William Clinton, as a part of his Doctrine of Enlargement, encouraged free global trade, which America has always not been able to do. He promoted several plans to allow free trade with other countries. One of which was the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in December 1993, which removed the trading barriers with Mexico and Canada. The NAFTA was an extended version of the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement, and the purpose was to foster trade between the three countries by lowering the tariffs, and thus creating American jobs over the borders. While the agreement sounded beneficial to the American economy, some argued th at it would lead to moving American jobs to Mexico, where the wages and working conditions were lower than that of United States. Some also argued that the lack of antipollution laws in MexicoShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast the Presidential Management Style Between President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President William Clinton2472 Words   |  10 PagesPresident William Clinton. Particular emphasis will be on domestic and foreign policy, and effectiveness of their presidential administration. Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected four times as President of the United States of American between 1933 through 1945. William Clinton was elected twice as President of the United States of American between 1993 through 2001. Both Presidents share many similar standpoints on foreign policy because of international conflict that took place during their administrationRead MoreThe Agricultural Adjustment Act Of Great Depression2026 Words   |  9 Pagesis a word used to describe a certain ty pe of ideological perspectives on foreign policy. It came from the ideology of United States President Woodrow Wilson. Wilsonianism mainly claimed the ideas of government self-determination(government should have its own authority), promoting free trade (free market for the world), open policy, and spreading democracy. It strongly influenced president George H.W. Bush’s, Bill Clinton’s and also George W. Bush’s attitudes toward to Iraq and had the direct impactRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesthat this is key to a company’s competitive advantage. Examples abound of the power of this kind of business strength: ââ€"  GE was one of the pioneers. It implemented the idea of the boundaryless organization, the practice of delayering, and the policy of one-or-two-or-out market leadership. Each of these changes was part of the early process and measurement and leadership innovation that accelerated General Electric’s competitive power and helped elimi- Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum: The Power of Management

Human Wildlife Conflicts Free Essays

ANIMAL ‘RIGHTS’ OR HUMAN ‘DUTIES’? – A JURISPRUDENTIAL QUAGMIRE ON ANIMAL RIGHTS (HUMAN RIGHTS vs. ANIMAL RIGHTS- JURISPRUDENTIAL FRONTIERS) ABSTRACT Our ecosystem is a sophisticated organization which includes multitude of flora and fauna that coexist harmoniously without disrupting the sacred equilibrium. Homo-sapiens have topped this ladder of species by virtue of the sixth sense of thought. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Wildlife Conflicts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though humans do possess this exceptional faculty of reason, they cannot thrive in solitude but can only sustain by placing them amongst the rest of the organization. When humans started organizing themselves, attained civilization and improved their standards of living, they unfortunately undermined the relative importance of the co-organisms which make up the system, thus giving rise to the emergence of an anthropocentric society. The Research Problem The jurisprudential quagmire is the question whether animals too require ‘rights’ analogous to that of human rights. Human rights are those inalienable, universal and egalitarian fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled merely by reason of his or her birth as a human. In the light of this definition, â€Å"animal rights† is an absolute misnomer. In jurisprudential terminology, a right is an interest recognized and protected by law. A right unlike an interest is a valid claim or potential claim, made by a moral agent under principles that govern both the claimant and the target of the claim. It presupposes two legal persons, viz., the subject of the right and subject of the duty. Animals cannot be the bearers of such rights because the concept of rights is essentially human; it is rooted in and has force only within a human moral/legal world. Moreover, by no stretch of imagination, animals can be regarded as legal persons. In fact, it is not the interest of the animal but the interest of the human beings that animals should also coexist with them. According to Leon Duguit, your ‘right’ is a byproduct of the other person preforming his duty towards you. He says there is no right but only duty. If the other has a duty towards you, you feel like having a ‘right’. Viewed in the light of Duguit’s theory, the mounting problem of protection of wildlife is actually a human rights issue and not an issue of animal rights. Animalright is, in fact, an illusion created by human beings performing their duties to animals, to the ecosystem, to the nature and to the society effectively. If law is about balancing of conflicting interests as pointed out by Rudolf Von Ihering and later developed by Roscoe Pound, the conflict involved here is the conflict between the interests of those who indiscriminately destruct the ecosystem for personal motives and of those who are concerned about the mother earth. The Scheme of the Article This article seeks to explore the true nature of the jurisprudential basis of the legal protection of wild life and endeavors to put in correct perspective the need for eco-governance. It argues that animals cannot have ‘rights’ in the jurisprudential sense; that right of an animal is an illusion created because of the presence of human duty to protect it; that if human beings acquire human rights by birth, they also incur absolute human duties by birth; that the ultimate objective of wild life protection law is to save and protect the ‘animals’ and not their ‘rights’. It concludes that human beings are reckoned to be morally upright species and causing pain and suffering to animals puts them in a position much lesser than that of human. ADHEENA BIJU IVth Semester B.Com., LL. B (Hons) School of Legal Studies CUSAT Kochi-22 How to cite Human Wildlife Conflicts, Papers

Landscape IT Security And Technology †Free Samples For Students

Question: Discuss About The Landscape IT Security And Technology? Answer: Introducation IT security or data security is a major concern in every industry and organization. The data associated with the organization is needed to be protected in order to prevent the origin of information security threat associated with a system. Information technology security or IT security is a process of implementing different measures to protect and safeguard the information associated with the system. Information security management is a procedure of managing an organizations confidential data. IT security management is necessary to manage the risks systematically (Von Solms Van Niekerk, 2013). Information Technology enables a set of strategies used for managing the tools and procedures necessary to detect and prevent the threats associated with the system. In order to manage and protect the business processes and confidentiality of the data, proper information security is necessary. Confidential information associated with a system can be vulnerable to a number of attacks. These attacks include virus and malware attacks apart from hacking, spoofing phishing and so on. In an organization, information technology devices includes, computer and associated devices, servers, routers and switches that manages all the data and information associated with an organization. Information technology security deals with managing and controlling these sensitive data to prevent illegitimate or unauthorized uses. There are a number of ways of maintaining the data security in an organization (Peltier, 2013). Certain organization uses protected network or intranet to share their resources amo ng all the employees of the organization in a secure manner. This ensures that the data is not hacked or misused while transfer and also prevent the unauthorized access. Information Technology management is a complex task, as there is no place for mistake. This is particularly because it is not always possible for the organization or its employees to circulate data only in the organization premises. Features such as data access from remote location, which is a necessity in todays business in prone to attacks as well. Hence, data or information security needs to be properly maintained in an organization. Technology landscape refers to the different things associated with different business. It provides a one to one solution related to any IP goal and is a category of assessments that results in different outcomes depending on the strategy and context the business organization is following. Technological landscape associated with a business is an intellectual property of business intelligence that might be sometimes difficult to understand (CeArley Claunch, 2012). IT Security Models and access controls Security policies associated with an organization deals with the process by which the data of a particular organization is accessed and the level of security required to protect a particular data associated with a system. The security models associated with an organization outlines the process by which the security measures are to be implemented. It also explains the process by which the data can be accessed the actions to be taken to maintain the confidentiality of the data. Security models support the security policies implemented in an organization (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). If the policy requires all the employees to register before providing access to certain system, security models ensures the process by which this authentication can be achieved. Security mainly deals with the availability, integrity and confidentiality of the data. Security models thus play an important role in managing the security essentials associated with an organization. Proper security models are essential to ensure that the confidentially, availability and the integrity of the data is properly maintained in an organization. Access control in the information security system can be defined as the selective restriction of unauthorized user from accessing the system and resources. Access control limits the availability of information only to the specified person and prevents access for the unauthorized users. Access control is enforced in order to protect the confidential data of a system from illegal use. This adds to an additional layer of protection to the data associated with an organization. Moreover, it limits the access to the physical and virtual resources of an organization thus protecting it from theft and misuse (Lin et al., 2012). Access control is generally ensured by protecting a system or resource of virtual information with the help of user id and password. Only the authorized user has knowledge about these two credentials and thus can be accessed only by them. Access control systems forces the users to provide required credentials before the grant of access. The type of credential might be different for accessing the physical resources. Access control of physical resources may include CCTV surveillance, restricted areas and data entry before the access, finger print protection, use of card or key and so on. Access control can be classified into two major types, physical and logical. Physical access control protects the physical resources of an organization such as IT assets, components and so on. Logical physical control deals with protection of certain resources of an organization, which includes, the network connections, data resources, systems files and data (Almutairi et al., 2012). IT security Threat and Risk Assessment Information Security threat can be defined as a possible danger associated with the vulnerability and the data security breach that is capable of causing certain harm to the system. The common information security threats include Denial of service attack, hacking, phishing, ransom ware attack, Spam, Pharming, spoofing and so on. These threats are capable of causing serious harms to the computer system. Threats are an outcome of the different types of attack a computer or Information security system might face or is exposed to. The attack in and information security system can be broadly classifies into active attack and passive attack. An active attack is more dangerous than passive attack as it mainly deals with the data breach and serious loss of information. Passive attack is however, less severe which involves no direct attack but the attacker keeps a track of the system to collect necessary information required to plan and execute an active attack. In passive attack, the system is monitored and thoroughly scanned in order to identify the vulnerabilities of a system. The purpose of passive attack is to gain information of a targeted attack (Crossler et al., 2013). Information Technology risk assessment is a process of identifying and analyzing the risk associated with a system. It is a structured document that reviews the threat associated with a system and differentiate it according to their likelihood of occurrence and then multiplied with their affect on the operation or impact. There are a number of processes associated with the risk management, which includes, identifying the hazards and evaluating the risks associated with the system and records the result in a proper document (Alhawari et al., 2012). This document is updated with the addition or deletion of the associated risks in an organization. This is an effective method of preventing the security problems. Risk assessment according to their priority of occurrence is an integral part of the risk management process. The information security risks deals with the data protection against all the vulnerabilities a system is exposed to. Risk assessment document is maintained in order to t rack, monitor and control the overall risks associated with the information system of the organization. References Alhawari, S., Karadsheh, L., Talet, A. N., Mansour, E. (2012). Knowledge-based risk management framework for information technology project. International Journal of Information Management, 32(1), 50-65. Almutairi, A., Sarfraz, M., Basalamah, S., Aref, W., Ghafoor, A. (2012). A distributed access control architecture for cloud computing. IEEE software, 29(2), 36-44. CeArley, D., Claunch, C. (2012). The top 10 strategic technology trends for 2013. The Top, 10. Crossler, R. E., Johnston, A. C., Lowry, P. B., Hu, Q., Warkentin, M., Baskerville, R. (2013). Future directions for behavioral information security research. computers security, 32, 90-101. Lin, G. Y., He, S., Huang, H., Wu, J. Y., Chen, W. (2012). Access control security model based on behavior in cloud computing environment. Journal of China Institute of Communications, 33(3), 59-66. Peltier, T. R. (2013). Information security fundamentals. CRC Press. Von Solms, R., Van Niekerk, J. (2013). From information security to cyber security. computers security, 38, 97-102. Zissis, D., Lekkas, D. (2012). Addressing cloud computing security issues. Future Generation computer systems, 28(3), 583-592.

Toy Story - Change through Information System Essay free essay sample

Executive Summary A company like Toy Story whose major interactions are with other businesses (B2B), should develop information system (IS) overtime. It has almost no interaction with the consumers and its customers are wholesalers and retailers. In today’s fast moving and technology-oriented environment, no firm likes to do business with a firm which uses traditional methods in its business. Most of the successful organizations in the world today have IS installed in their organizations and the employees are trained to use computer systems in every aspect of their work. Paper-based procedures are being abolished in all most of the large organizations. Employees become more efficient when processes are automated and the management also witnesses fall in cost of production and expenses. However there are also issues in the implementation of IS. ‘People’ is one of the most important components of an IS and if they are also the stakeholders and users to IS and if they oppose the change, the implementation cannot be successful. We will write a custom essay sample on Toy Story Change through Information System Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If properly implemented, taking employees into confidence, the change can be managed quite smoothly and the managers can enjoy the increase in return on investment (ROI). Toy Story Change through Information System A toy manufacturing firm, Toy Story, is under the study in this report. This report will describe the issues the firm is facing and their potential solutions. The root cause of all the problems Toy Story is facing is usage of traditional methods of recording information and no existence of an information system. The problems identified in the business case will be discussed in detail and recommendations of possible solutions will also be given. Introduction The need of information system exists in every organization that operates in a competitive atmosphere. Companies which have cunningly implemented information systems in the past are flourishing and those which have not are facing rising costs and dependency on human resource. With a total product line of approximately 1200 toys and almost 600 customers, Tor Story faces a lot of trouble in recording transactions and important information.Toy Story is currently operating with only spreadsheet and MS Access databases. It does not have a computer based order processing system instead customers has to use telephones and traditional mailing service as a medium of placing orders. At the moment, the organization only houses at most 25 percent computer literate staff and no database system for customer records. The production department is suffering from production of low quality toys. There is no track of the orders placed to suppliers therefore no one knows the supplier of low quality material. There is terrible interdepartmental communication as the blame game among employees takes place because of no records. Production process has never been documented and is only in the heads of the staff. If these people leave the organization, there will be loss of precious knowledge about production   methods.With 150 vending machines, this strategy has been successful so far but the systems recording Toy Toob’s income flow are paper-based, uncertain and not accurate. A well placed information system (IS) can help many of these issues to be resolved but in return Buzz will face a lot of resistance in the implementation of IS from the employees. This resistance can be tactically resolved by involving them in the change process right from the beginning. Problem Areas The toy industry in general has been also affected as the other industries have due to the global recession. Sales for Toy Story have declined up to 30 percent in the recent sales period of Christmas. The management of Toy Story is considering dismissal of staff as a result of severe drop in orders from the retailers. Although the company is relying heavily on the financial reserves that have been built up but if things do not get better, layoffs will be the only option left. The owner of Toy Story does not want to dismiss the staff as he has a strong sense of ethics. Toy Story is working in a manual work environment where paper-based work is employed in most of the procedures. With only 45 computer literate employees, the company makes little use of spreadsheet, MS office and Access. Order processing system in the company is not computer based and as a result the customers have to face difficulty in placing orders. Customers have to rely on traditional mediums such as phone, surface mail, fax and email to place orders. As a result, order filling takes time and the customer has to bear delays in deliveries especially when there are stock-outs. These problems are annoying the customers and many of them are even switching to the competitors for purchases. The quality of toys at Toy Story has also become a major concern for the management as the quality of material from its suppliers is sometimes not acceptable. The company makes and   maintains paper records for these suppliers and filed in cabinets; sometimes the records are not even completed or filed during busy times.The material for the toys is ordered from a wide range of suppliers overseas and orders are placed via email, telephone and fax by the employees. The suppliers with the low quality materials are not identified because of improper records and numerous suppliers. Some suppliers do not send the material at all, which results in disarray on the production line and clashes between the managers of the departments involved. Internal communications in Toy Story suffers from a lot of misunderstandings and lobbying. The production process of Toy Story has never been documented and the production methods are only in the minds of the employees. Toy Story has realized that the information and knowledge that the processes need, they are all inside the heads of the employees and not with the company. If the employees leave the organization, they will take the knowledge with them, causing serious crisis in the production process.The profits from the vending machine strategy are driving up the bottom line of the company. The management is not certain about the contribution that Toy Toobs are making to the net profit. This is because the recording systems for Toy Toob’s sales and income stream are manual and inaccurate. Toy Story not only lacks organized statistics about the company but also lacks valuable knowledge resources such as customer data, supplier records and transaction information which are necessary to make strategic decisions. Prioritization of Change Concerns The most important of the concerns in the organization that need change is manual and paper-based work. Only 45 employees who make up 25% of the total staff are computer literate. In today’s technologically advance working environment all of the employees should know how to use a computer and they should have one personal computer on their work desktop. Many business processes can be streamlined using computers and software such as placing an order to the supplier, managing suppliers profiles, maintain and add records, automatic generation of reports and RFQs. Of the total 18 computers in the organization, only eight are connected to internet and an intranet within the organization has not been developed yet. Manual work needs to be eliminated in the organization and the processes need to be automated to achieve efficiency and competitiveness.The expenses and cost of production for the firm have been increasing over the years and no effort has been made to make reductions in them. There is no use of technology and automation of business processes that is why the expenses are ever increasing and there are inefficiencies. The second gravest problem in To y Story is that the management has not given enough importance to customer data and the customer itself. The customers count up to 600 which are mainly retail store owners, distributors and wholesalers. These customers face delays in deliveries because of manual work and traditional order processing system at Toy Story. For this reason many customers are turning towards competitors for toy products. There is no concept of customer relationship in the firm and employees are not trained to collect important customer data which can be very helpful. It is not possible for the employees to collect and records customer information in a paper-based environment. The third serious problem is the relationship with the suppliers and insufficient records of supplier invoices, quotations, order details and price history.This problem poses a serious threat to the quality of raw material being used in the production line and hence the quality of the final product. There is no culture of recording transactions with the suppliers and information about   supplier. Although some records are prepared manually and stored in cabinets, but they are never opened up if there is raw material of low quality from any supplier. There are approximately 60 suppliers for Toy Story, therefore no one in the company knows from which supplier the material has been delivered. Hence the material is neither returned nor rejected but is used in the production of toys. This reduces the quality of final product and causes clashes between managers of production department and accounting department.The fourth problem on the prioritization list is not so serious for the company right now, but when the employees start leaving the company then the importance of knowledge of the employees will be felt. There is no documentation of the business and production processes that are being employed in the firm. Only the employees performing the tasks know how they are being performed and loss of staff members will result in production problems. This knowledge could also become basis of power for the employees who perform important tasks. These employees could then use this power to threaten the management or demand a pay raise. The fifth and the last issue on the prioritization list is about the performance metrics. There are no metrics and techniques available to accurately measure the income generation from different sources of the firm. The performance metrics not only allow the firm to measure its performance but also guides the management in decision making where to invest more and where to reduce the investments.In the case of Toy Story, Toy Toobs are a great success and it is helping the firm to cover the expenses and reduction of revenues from decreasing sales. But no automatic, riskless and accurate systems exist in the organization to record the profit contribution of Toy Toobs to the bottom line. At the time of economic uncertainty and when most global firms are experiencing change in business environment, if a firm does not have performance   measurement system, it will be impossible for the management to set a strategic direction of the organization. IS Implementation The firm needs integration of departments and also business process reengineering to automate all the business processes. This will not only increase employees’ efficiency but also cut the expenses. Paper-based work has to be eliminated and all the tasks should be streamlined to achieve automation. Use of intranet and internet needs to become a part of the routine of the employees. Although there will be a great uproar from the employees as no one likes change in their working environment but they need to be trained to use the computer and advance technology. The best solution for the Toy Story will be to implement an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in the organization as soon as possible. This will automate all the processes, allow smooth communication within the departments, make the employees more aware of the global scenario and make the business and production processes more efficient and less time consuming. The appropriate staff will need to be trained and more hardware and software needs to be installed on the systems. ERP will help the managers to allocate resources more efficiently in the enterprise and make more use of them. It will help managers to assign tasks to the employees and forecast sales and demand. It is evident from the case that the staff and management have no realization about the importance of customer data and information. The firm is not practicing any form of customer relationship though it has over 600 customers globally with different statistics. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) needs to be employed in the organization.This will help the employees to records transactions with the customers, track customer orders, view customer history, prioritize customers and make customer profiles. This will not only reduce the transaction cost but also allow Buzz to reduce the employees as an effort to cut cost. Many powerful tools are available in CRM to dig or ‘mine’ customer data to help the management make more customer oriented strategic direction. Most of the big organizations in the world have implemented CRM as a step towards building long lasting relationships with the customers and have gained customer loyalty and increase in profits as a result. In CRM implementation, sales force plays an important part as they have the most interaction with the final customers. They should be trained and equipped with sophisticated equipments which will allow sales force automation, field force automation, lead management, i ntegration with other departments and uninterrupted communication with the sales office. Insufficient relationship with the suppliers and lack of record keeping is resulting in lower quality raw material from suppliers. The organization needs to maintain records on a system which will help in the procurement cycle. Placing an order to a supplier will become very easy and efficient when manual and paper-based work is eliminated. RFQ generation, catalogue management, supplier selection process, supplier analysis, supplier short listing, supplier evaluation consume a lot of time of the procurement department employees.All these processes can be automated and through this only the best suppliers will be selected. Hence the quality of material being supplied will be up to the standard; the supplier not performing up to the expectations can be switched. For a manufacturing firm like Toy Story it is very necessary to implement Supply Chain Management (SCM) to build and maintain long-term relationships with the best suppliers. The knowledge and experiences of employees need to be documented in order to be on the safe side. When an employee leaves an organization, it takes all the contacts and knowledge with him. In order to prevent production process of Toy Story from a disaster, the management needs to enforce rules in the organization which will compel the employees to document all their production methods and their contacts. These methods, contacts and knowledge of employees will be with the organization and even if the employee leaves the firm, his experience and knowledge will stay with the firm.Implementation of Knowledge Management (KM) will help the firms to tactically store the employees’ knowledge in their system as the employees are not important for the business but their knowledge that they have developed through experience. Decision Support System (DSS) is needed to record all the performance metrics and data about strategies. DSS then helps the management to make decisions about part icular strategies and it also assists in deciding whether the strategy is feasible or not. In the case of Toy Story’s strategy of vending machines, the managers need to know that how much they are earning from this strategy and whether they should invest more.Inputs and Outputs for Recommendations There will be many inputs for our highest priority change recommendation which is the implementation of ERP. Inputs for ERP include all the transaction information contained in all the files of the organization and paper work needs to be typed.Other inputs are listed below-Training of users-Update hardware-Update systems-Data stored in all the current databases-Data of each department-Number of users-Functional requirements-Reporting requirements from the users-Previous year’s sales and production details-Master production schedule-Recommendations from the end-users of system-Employees details -Consultancy provided ERP vendor’s experts-Testing the current systems-High cost of purchase of ERPWhen the ERP is smoothly and tactically implemented, the output woul d be favorable for the company. Increase in ROI will be witnesses by the management as the time goes by which is used to cover the high cost of implementation of ERP in the first few years. However if the employees are not involved in the process, they become resistant and they may discard the change. Automatic generation of RFQ, invoices, update of accounts, inventory checks, forecasts, integrated database, hiring of a Database Administrator (DBA) are the outputs of ERP implementation. Stakeholders’ Needs Stakeholder is anyone who has interest in the organization or who will be affected by the change in organization.Following is the list of stakeholders of Toy Story:-Employees-Customers (Retail store owners, wholesalers, distributors)-Owners (Stockholders and Buzz)   company like Toy Story, which has net profit for the last year of US $ 4 million, should not gamble at this point of time.When the market conditions get better, the company should then definitely go for the change as it is far behind the other competitors. In Toy Story, where only 25 percent of the employees are computer literate and no one is a master user, heavy training sessions and great investment of money and time will be needed to prepare the employees to use the information system. New computers will also be needed for all the users of the system, management will need to deal with all the ethical, cultural and security issues; costs for all these changes will be too high for Toy Story in the current scenario of recession. Management of Toy Story should invest in information systems such as ERP as soon as the sales start increasing after the recession is over References Organizational Structures in Project Management, EZine Articles, 2009, retrieved 15 May 2009, www.ezinearticles. com/?Organizational-Structures-In-Project-Managementid=424910Kotler, P, G, Armstrong, Principles of Marketing, 11th Edition, Prentice Hall College Div, 2008.Laudon, C, Laudon, P, Management Information System, 7 Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001.Lynne, M, ‘Issues of Implementation’, Power, Politics and MIS Implementation, Vol. 26, No. 6, 1983, pp. 430-444.Malone, Jo R. , Harvey, Gill, Seers, Kate, Kitson, Alison, Mccormack, Brendan Titchen, Angie, An exploration of the factors that influence the implementation of evidence into practice, Journal of Clinical Nursing , vol. 13, no. 8, 2004, pp. 913-924.Bogdan, Crenguta Dan, Toward a Concern-Oriented Analysis Method for Enterprise Information Systems, in Computing in the Global Information Technology, 2006. ICCGI 06. International Multi-Conference on, 2006, pp. 30.Hendricks, Kevin B., Singhal, Vinod R. Stratman, Jeff K., The impact of enterprise systems on corporate performance: A study of ERP, SCM, and CRM system implementations, Journal of Operations Management, vol. In Press, Corrected Proof.Norris, Grant, Hurley, James R. , Hartley, Kenneth M., Dunleavy, John R. Balls, John D., EBusiness and ERP: Transforming the Enterprise (John Wiley ; Sons, 2000).NSW Employers Responsibilities, findlaw.com. (2009). Retrieved 14 May, 2009, from www.findlaw.com.au/article/6684.htmlBhatia, A., Dey, R. (2005). Globalization of Product Development: The Inevitable Next Stage. Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http://www.infosys.com/global-sourcing/white-papers/globalizationproduct-development-part1.pdf

The Tale of Genji essays

The Tale of Genji essays One main theme in The Tale of Genji is the idea of how relationships worked in the emperor's court in Japan one thousand years ago. I don't think that the story so much explains how all people acted towards one another, but rather gives insight to the culture and guidelines for courting and marriage. Underlying the story itself, there is a fine outline for what is considered right or wrong for men and women to do in regards to relationships. This theme of interaction between the opposite sex as well as love and lust is definitely one of the main themes in the story. This is seen in Chapter 2 when Genji and his friends speak at length about their past relationships with women. This particular scene seems to set a stage for what is to happen in the story between Genji and the women he has relationships with. Also discussed at length in this story is the idea of hierarchy in this society. Hierarchy is not something in the story as an aside, but is crucial for the themes of The Tale of Genji. Rank, power and position all have a huge impact on with whom one marries, visits and has relationships with. These roles help define the themes of love and interaction within the story which not only give a piece of history, but a good story as well. ...

The enforcement rules applying to dealings with registered titles are Essay - 1

The enforcement rules applying to dealings with registered titles are vastly superior to those applying to dealings with unregistered titles. Critically discuss - Essay Example Enforcement of the rules of titles helps in eliminating or resolving any uncertainties, faults or inconsistencies in any aspect of the title to the piece of land such as the location or adverse possession of any piece of land (Rodell & Harris, 2013). The rules governing registered and unregistered titles provide base for investigation and application of the legal procedure in identifying and resolving land disputes or discrepancies in relation to location, boundaries, ownership, etc. In the United Kingdom, the land title is either registered or unregistered. The registration of title to the land the transferee in UK is mandatory during the time of transfer of the title. The registration takes place at the Land Registry as prove of ownership of the land or any other property (Rodell & Harris, 2013). This document examines the superiority of the registered title over the unregistered title during enforcement of rules on the land dealings. Title deeds are â€Å"sets of documents that constitutes the proof of ownership of the property† (Clarke & Greer, 2014). A person is required to register land with the Land Registry after they have bought, inherited, been given, mortgaged, or have received in exchange for another property (Crown, (2003). However, there is no need for registration in case of leasehold unless the property has been leased for a duration not exceeding seven years. In the case of the agricultural land the owner should register it with Rural Land Register as well the Land Registry (Law Commission, 2011). During the registration, the following are required; the name of the landowner, the price for which it was purchased or mortgaged and the plan or boundaries of the land (Dixon, 2010). The essence of registering the title to the land confers the true ownership of the land, protection the land against fraud and makes the procedure of transferring the ownership simple and faster (Law

Risks in Project Management Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risks in Project Management Practice - Essay Example In reference to the given case study, this paper will dwell on the risks that the Emperor Phone Company stands a chance of facing during its product launch. Emperor is a renowned mobile handset manufacturing company, which competes on the global markets with key players like Samsung, Nokia among many others. It will also give a detailed approach to the necessary steps that it will need to undertake to ensure that the launch of its ‘myphone’ smart phone is a success. Lastly, it will highlight the impacts of its taken risks to ensure that it beats its bitter rival Apple in capturing the phones market before its rivals launch their ‘iPhone’. Risk identifier register As per the case study provided, the Company’s CEO acquired information that Emperor’s bitter rivals, Apple, were set to release a new phone product. With this kind of information at hand, Emperor decided that it was going to utilize it by developing a product that would correspond to w hat their rivals intend to roll out. The launch date of its products is set for February 1, 2013 just a month before Apple’s ‘iphone’ hits the market. Risk description In the project mandate issued, the first risk involved would be legal due the fact that the two products would seem as though one imitated the other. This is because ‘I’ and ‘my’ have almost the same meaning. ... Secondly, the Emperor ‘myPhone’ prior launch might also incur the threat risk of its secret leaking to its rivals. The management’s idea of having keynote addresses by relevant stakeholders is also a risky move. This would be because they do not know where their guest speaker’s loyalties lie. There in, the information at the speakers’ disposal might find its way to their rivals. In this regard, Apple might use the information acquired to their advantage by making final detail improvement on the ‘iPhone’ before its launch. which may overshadow the ‘myPhone’. Thirdly, the marketing department will be in charge of the complete marketing campaign process including the venue. The opportunistic risk here would involve the location of the conference set to engage the ‘myPhone’ target market. Probable date registered These risks were most probably likely to occur in the following sequence. The first and second risks wer e likely to occur after the ‘myPhone had been launched in to market. Their impact was to affect heavily their anticipated sales, as they will not be able to restore the image of their product in the event that its reputation is at stake. The third and most important risk that needed evaluation would be on the day of the product release. Therefore, its occurrence on the material day would translate to poor initial sale of the ‘myPhone’. This would set the bar in which the sales level would not be able to cross, as it the impact will be less. Probability, impact and expected value In trying to manage the risks above, the applications elaborated in Prince2 (OCG, 2009) would prove beneficial in eliminating the risks involved. This will involve critical understanding

Ilo Decent Work Agenda And Informal Economy Benefits Economics Essay

Ilo Decent Work Agenda And Informal Economy Benefits Economics Essay The informal economy defined to include all economic units that are not regulated by the state and all economically active persons who do not receive social protection through their work (ILO 2002), is as perennial and ubiquitous as human society. Discourse on it however, came to light in the early seventies with various studies in third world countries. Notwithstanding its inescapable nature, conceptualization and definition has been a problem for policy makers as well as those within academia. Myriad debates have come up on the issue with diverse views and remedies: some view informal workers as a nuisance to be eliminated or regulated; others see them as a vulnerable group to be assisted through social policies; still others view them as entrepreneurs to be freed from government regulations (Chen 2006:26). But neither the theoretic thoughts nor tangible ideas have provided a comprehensive framework on how to approach global informality and the new challenges it pose to policy makers. This essay critically examines the position of ILO influenced by the legalist perspective on formalizing the informal economy. Are there vested interests in promoting the decent work agenda? Is the decent work agenda merely a guise behind which informality continues to operate? Does the decent work approach take into account structures and institutions? The essay will delve into the argument of who benefits in formalizing the informal economy recognizing the fact that the informal head porter pay daily levies to the local government systems in Ghana but do not receive any benefit. A synopsis on informal economy and decent work agenda will first be outlined and how this applies to the head porter in Ghana. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn with some policy recommendations. Perspectives on Informality The informal economy was first discovered in Africa in the early 1970s due to the dominance of large scale self employed who do not fall within the formal economy. Economic anthropologist Keith Hart coined the term in his series of studies in Africa on the urban labour markets where he distinguished between wage earning and self employment. He emphasized on entrepreneurial dynamism and diversity of people in the informal sector (Hart 1990). This led to the development of three schools of thought dualist, legalist and structuralist perspectives which all try to conceptualize, explain and address the challenges of this complex phenomenon. The dualist posit the view that informal economy is peripheral or marginal and result out of the inadequate jobs in the formal economy and will recede with the development of the modern sector (Hart 1973; ILO 1972; Sethuraman 1976; Tokman 1978). The perspective therefore call for policy focus on support for the informal economy enterprises and workers in the form of credits and business development services with the assumption that the informal economy will fade away with more formal jobs. The structuralists, however, abruptly refute the dualist approach and contend that formal and informal economies are inextricably connected and interdependent the informal economy continues to exist because it is subordinated to the formal economy and enables the formal economy to reduce costs and increase profits (Moser 1978; Castells and Portes 1989, Bromley 1994). Hence policy focus should be on altering the unequal relationship that exists. The legalist approach spearheaded by De Soto (1989) subscribes to the notion that informality is as a result of the excessive over regulation by the state (rigid mercantilist) and hence the solution to the problem of informality is a liberalizing framework deregulate, de-bureaucratize and privatize. The approach therefore advocates for formalizing and the decent work agenda follows directly from this perspective despite influence from other frameworks. Notwithstanding the diversity of these concepts, informality continues to grow in new guises and different forms even in the industrialized nations. It is worth mentioning that none of the perspectives adequately explains or prescribes solutions to the problems of informality given its heterogeneous and multi segmented nature. Consequently, policy makers are faced with the dilemmas of whether to eradicate or formalize the informal economy. This has led to the suggestion of different ways of providing support for those in the informal economy which include licensing, provision of micro credit, training as well as enabling environment for collective action (Chen 2006) with more emphasis on formalizing. In spite of these suggestions, understanding of the formalization process varies and different actors tend to define formalization to suit them. Intrinsically, policy makers view formalizing as a way of licensing informal work and putting in place taxation structures. Conversely, the different informal workers and enterprises see formalizing as a means to attain support and receive the incentives and benefits of formality. Hence in formalizing, there are striking differences in terms of interests and needs which should reflect in the policies of countries. The institutional capacities, mechanisms and resources especially in developing countries are however, inadequate to cater for the wide variations. The above problems question the feasibility of formalizing the informal economy and De Sotos legalist approach to informal economy. Are the states in many countries well equipped to enable workers and enterprises in the informal economy move upward into formality? Formalization may not be that simple as envisaged it can be problematic and a nightmare to policy makers. Despite the complication, the informal economy can be reframed to fruitfully interact with the context and actors as well as reduce the associated vulnerability and risks. Consequently, new frameworks have emerged to take care of the policy challenge of decreasing the cost of working informally (Chen 2006:90-1) or reducing the decent work deficits of working informally (ILO 2002). The ILO decent work agenda champions the emerging consensus concerning the need to develop a framework that is appropriate and able to respond effectively to the problems faced by those in the informal economy. However is this agenda feasible in the mist of all these dilemmas? What can the ILO Decent Work do for Informality? The ILO (2002) defines decent work as productive work which generates an adequate income, in which workers rights are protected and where there is adequate social protection providing opportunities for men and women to obtain productive work in conditions of freedom, equality, security and human dignity. Decent work has been categorized into two different approaches. Some analysts have classified it into eleven measurement categories based on employment opportunities, acceptable work, adequate earnings and productive work, decent hours, stability and security of work, balancing work and family life, fair treatment in employment, safe work environment, social protection, social dialogue and workplace relations, and the economic and social context of decent work (Ghai 2006:27). The other approach views decent work from the perspective of security in which there are seven security indicators labour security, employment security, job security, work security, skill reproduction security , income security and representation security (ILO 2002). Therefore lack of access to these indicators at the macro (national), meso (enterprise) and micro (Individual) (Ghai 2006:27) levels leads to decent work deficits. These securities and indicators are inaccessible to workers in the informal economy albeit pockets of workers in the formal economy also have deficits for example the working poor. Hence in looking at the situation of those in the informal economy, decent work deficits are the main characteristics and apparent are poor quality unprotected and remunerated jobs, the absence of rights to work, inadequate social protection and lack of representation especially among women and young workers (ILO 2002:8). The decent work approach therefore recognizes that all those who work have rights at work, irrespective of where they work (ILO 2002: 8) and should have decent work. Notwithstanding this, a one-size-fit all policy cannot be developed for all segments. Decent work programmes need to take into consideration the diversity in labour markets, multi-segmented nature of informality, the role of government, institutions as well as cultural and historical backgrounds of nations. Decent work should therefore be seen as a goal to be achieved progressively from immediate to long term (ILO 2002). The immediate term focus is to recognize and give protection to those working in the informal economy, the short/medium and long term strategies are to enhance upward movement into formal decent jobs and the creation of formal decent employment opportunities for all respectively. Work should therefore meet decent work conditions which are seen as a source of dignity, satisfaction and fulfillment to workers (Ghai 2006:11). Limitations of Decent Work Paradigm The decent work agenda is a benign attempt to informality but ILO unlike the World Bank and IMF do not have the capacity to enforce and ensure that governments adhere to the decent work programme. Also, while the ILO outlined the securities that will make informal work decent, it does not provide insights into how these securities can be met and whose responsibility (individual, state, market, and other actors) it is to address and find solutions to the deficits. Moreover, ILO does not point out how to prioritize the securities in situations where it is impossible to have all seven fulfilled. The question is shall we prioritize or shall we try to achieve at the same time all the seven securities? Furthermore, whiles Chen (2006:27) assert that capacity of institutions, funding for incentives and social protection, inadequate formal jobs and employers not willing to convert as the problems that impede formalizing, she seems to forget about the vested interest and structural determinants that could hinder decent work. For example institutional obstacles such as the local government units in Ghana may stifle the decent work agenda as incorporating decent work framework will hinder the benefits they enjoy from the informality. Who benefits from formalizing: local government or head porter (Kayayei)? Before looking at the head porter and the local government systems in Ghana, it is important to have background information on the head porter business. The head porters popularly referred to as kayayei in Ghana are female young girls who migrate from northern parts of Ghana to the south predominantly Accra and Kumasi. Like other informal businesses, the kayayei are self employed and engage in carrying goods on their head from one place to the other, unpacking stores especially in market places as well as assist buyers in carrying purchased goods to various locations for a negotiated fee (Argawal et al 1997, Opare 2003, Awumbila 2007). Agarwal et al (1997) further indicates that these girls are part of the informal transport structure of Ghana that transport load from one place to the other and this commercial head load carrying is to be understood within the structure of economic activities of women in the informal economy, and the importance of petty trading as the predominant occu pation of women. Similarly, ILO (2004) and Awumbila (2007) notes that jobs engaged by these Kayayei pay low wages, have low productivity which leads to unstable incomes. The purpose of their involvement however, is to attain sufficient savings to convert to a more lucrative and less arduous occupation (Awumbila 2007:3). These head porters lack official registration, work in highly competitive market places, have deficits in all seven securities, and are exposed to diverse risks and shocks. Their daily vulnerability goes from running after busses for business to harassment from metropolitan agents for payment of daily levies. These head porters however, have various survival strategies which include collective credit and insurance (susu and adashi) schemes and organization of semi-permanent conjugal unions to reduce their vulnerability within the labour market (Awumbila Ardayfio-Schandorf 2008, Argawal et al 1997, Opare 2003). Much of the literature on the kayayei phenomenon talks about migration and livelihoods but hardly talked about is the levy they pay to the local government systems in Ghana but do not gain any form of social protection. Their activities like other informal businesses are not recognized but they are regulated by the metropolitan assemblies in the forms of daily levies. They pay fifty Ghana pesewas daily levy to agents of the assemblies and are hijacked in the course of their operations to pay before they can continue with their activities. It is however, unclear what the taxes collected from these girls are used for. They do not get any form of benefits, incentives or social protection from the local government. Evans (1989:582) describes the case of Zaire predatory state in which state officials squeeze resources from civil society without any more regard for the welfare of the citizenry than a predator has for the welfare of its prey. This predatory state scenario best describes the relationship between the local government and the head porter in Ghana. The metropolitan authorities benefits from the informality of the head porters and do not have any regard for their welfare. In such a case, implementing the decent work approach will serve as a dis-benefit to the government who only plays an opportunistic appropriation role. Hence, such structures may serve as obstacles to the decent work programme. Chen ( 2006:15) indicates that many activities in the informal economy do not generate enough output, employment or income to fall into existing tax brackets but these girls though do not generate enough income are still taxed and this further exacerbate their situation. Conclusion and policy recommendations Once the local government recognize the legality of the head porters through taxation, they are obliged to provide them with protection. For example their activities could be regulated by putting in fixed prices for carrying goods to certain distances to reduce their vulnerability in terms of negotiation. State should provide kayayei with vocational and negotiation skills training, recognize them in the labour laws and give basic security like health care, shelter, protection from eviction and harassment can cushion them against risks and shocks in their daily activities. For instance paying the premium for these head porters in the Ghana national health insurance scheme will take care of their health needs and further enhance their work. Similar welfare funds like the Bidi Workers Welfare and Head Loaders Funds in India could be established to provide social security benefits for these head porters. In addition, their micro insurance schemes and strategies could be enhanced especially the susu and adashi systems. These forms of collective contributions could be transformed into mutual systems of social security. The role of the state is vital in promoting such systems by providing an enabling environment and suitable policy framework to include these schemes. Moreover, the local government systems should recognize and protect the rights of the head porters since they play a facilitative role being part of the transport sector in Ghana. As Opare (2003) noted the kayeyei make useful contribution to the Ghanaian economy and should be recognized as such and provided with the necessary protection to enable reduce decent work deficits. Should these be considered for the social protection policies, it will help reduce the insecurity, vulnerability and material deprivation faced by these head porters.

British Girls and Women of the 90s †the Spice Girls, Girl Bands and Their Influence on British Culture

British Girls and Women of the 90s – The Spice Girls, Girl Bands and their Influence on British Culture The twentieth century will, without doubt, be viewed by historians as the Woman’s Hour. The status of women in Britain changed. More and more women started to leave their homes and join the labour market. They started to fight for their independence and political, economic and social rights. Women got more recognition from the society and they started to pursue equality with men.They progressed from being (almost) possessions of men, with no legal status of their own, to being considered legal citizens in their own right. As far as the political background is concerned, it is worth saying a few words about Margaret Thatcher. Following the defeat of the Conservatives in 1974 election, Margaret Hilda Thatcher was elected as the new leader. She wentaon to lead the Conservatives toathe victory in the election of 1979 andathe party remained in power until 1997. Christopher states that, â€Å"She was developing economicaideas which were guided by the fashionable theories of monetarism†(Christopher, 12).These involved reducing inflation with high interest rates and submitting all aspects of the economy to free-market theories and the laws of supply and demand. Her economic and political ideas, which came to be known as ‘Thatcherism’ began to be fully expressed and implemented. But in Britain, there were high rates of unemployment during the periods of the 1980s and early 90s. The jobs people lost were mostly skilled jobs in manufacturing industry, which were regarded as ‘men's jobs'. Massive cuts in state spending led to job losses in the public sector, which affected women equally.According to Christopher’s study: Because these jobs were usually semi-skilled or unskilled and low paid, the women were more interchangeable as employees and could find part-time office work or cleaning work, similarly low paid, elsewhere. ( Christopher, 13) Women wereabeginning to occupy postsain traditional male-dominatedaareas such as business,alaw and banks. aMany of them couldaenjoy the benefitsaof increasing financialaand sexual freedom,aand were postponing marriageaand children. By 1986 the economy wasastrong. There was an airaof enterprise and optimism asaa new society emerged. aBritain became oreaaffluent, competitive andamore interested inacash. There was a newageneration of stylishaand image-conscious consumers,aand spending on restaurants,aclothes, cars, homes and holidays reached recordalevels. Many various feminist groups appeared and the third-wave of feminism in the USA began. In the early 1990s, an underground feminist movement called Riot Grrrl jumpstarted the idea of female empowerment. Riot Grrrl was anaunderground feminist punk rock movementathat originally started inaWashington, in the early to mid-1990s – it wasaoften associated with third-waveafeminism. According to some, â€Å"Riot Grrrl . ands often addressed issues, such. as: domestic abuse, rape, sexuality, patriarchy, racism and female empowerment. Riot Grrrls were knownato start chapters, hold meetings,aand suport andaorganize womenain music. †(Schilt, 6). Theamovement allowedawomen their own spaceato create music andamake political statementsaabout the issuesathey were facing inathe punk rock community asawell as inasociety. Those ideas soon entered Great Britain. Shortly after that, British marketers began latching onto the catchphrase ‘girl power’ – which expressed aacultural phenomenon of the 1990saand earlya2000s. It is also linkedato third-waveafeminism.The most memorable example of ‘girl power’ is the Spice Girls. The Spice Girls wereaa Britishapop girlagroup formedain 1994 and the biggest popular cultural icons of the 1990s. As McGibbon mentions, â€Å"performing pop music, Spice Girls achieved a worldwide success, selling over 55 million albums all over the world , the most from among all female singing groups in the twentieth century. †(McGibbon, 23). Wherever they appeared, they could count on the support of the army of fans from all over the world, as well as the hysterical reaction of the media. The pop phenomenon – the Spice Girlsachanged the courseaof popularamusic andapopular culture.Both albums and eight of their singles releases achieved number one chart position in the UK. No pop group since the Beatles attracted as much media attention as the Spice Girls. Ginger,aBaby, Posh,aSporty andaScary were international stars, adored and ridiculed in equal measures which was the ultimate expression of media fame in the Nineties. The girls have made many achievements such as Wannabe – the Spice Girls’ first single – and the most successful song in their career. It plays a crucial role in their fame. The single Wannabe toppedathe UK Singles Chartafor sevenaweeks and acquired a latinumacertification byathe Bri tish Phonographic Industry. Sinclair concludes, â€Å"Itabecame theabest-sellingasingle by aafemale group, sellingaover six millionacopies worldwide. † (Sinclair, 78). In June 1997 the Girls undertook to make a feature-length film called Spiceworld – The Movie. The film was directed by Bob Spiers (director of Absolutely Fabulous, Fawlty Towers, and Are You Being Served? ) and was a comical narrative from the Spice Girls’ real life adventures. According to some, †the film was a runway success, becoming the second highest-grossing British film of 1997 (after Bean). (McGibbon, 45). Theayear 1997 sawathe Spice Girls capitalisingaon their fame throughaa multimillion dollaraphenomenon ofamerchandise, with hundredsaof official products. They may have made a great pop music, but if ever a group regarded their creative endeavours as a means to achieving a commercial end it was the Spice Girls. While pop stars through the decades have generally tried to a greater or lesser extent to protect their artistic integrity by not appearing to endorse unrelated or unsuitable products, the Spice Girls did the exact opposite.They were up for anything. According to Sinclair, „When it came to endorsements, it seemed that Spice Girls didn’t know the meaning of the word ‘No’. †(Sinclair, 50) There was apparently no product of consumer interest, however mundane or embarrassing, that it was beyond their ingenuity to adapt to the girl power credo. By the middleaof 1997, theaSpice Girlsahad signed up for product tie-in deals with Pepsi, Benetton, Feberge, Sony PlayStations, Polaroid cameras and Walker’s crisps. By the September 1997, the group were estimated to have earned $47 million by Forbes magazine, which ranked them at number 32 in their list of highest paid entertainers†. (http://www. sociology. org. uk/fchan1. pdf). This was a staggering achievement considering how little time they had been operating in the ma rketplace. All these achievements of the Spice Girls corroborate a huge potential of the band. Theaarrival of the Spice Girlsaadded to the new imageaand re-branding of Britain,aand underlined the growing worldapopularity of British, ratherathan U.S. , pop music. aThis fact was visible at the BRIT Awards ceremony in 1997. aThe group won twoaawards but itawas Halliwell's Union Jack mini-dress which she designed herself thataappeared in media coverageaall over the worldaand eventually became a symbol of ‘Cool Britannia’. They were the first pop phenomenon truly to understand the demands of the modern multi-media age, and to tailor their efforts accordingly. To their credit, the Spice Girls had an immensely powerful influence on children and teenagers. The girls were crazy about them.The kids of a generation whose musical horizons had previously been restricted to Mr Blobby, a character from a television show Noel's House Party, and Sesame Street singalongs, became sensitis ed to pop music thanks to the Spice Girls. Teenagers modelled on the girls dyeing hair red, performing dances and dressing up as their favourite Spice Girls. There were many all-girl bands which appeared during the existence of the Spice Girls such as: Attomic Kitten, Sugababes or Girls Aloud and many of which were created after the collapse of the group. All or most of them modelled themselves on those five wonderful girls.Despite the fact that there were, and still there are, many girl bands, none of them – also the aforementioned ones – has left such a big impression on pop music as the Spice Girls. As Sinclair states, ‘They became, almost overnight, a fondly regard and instantly recognisable part of British pop's royal family. † (Sinclair, 89). In summaries of their achievements ranging from the most informed biographies to the most aimless of pub conversations it was a generally held and often stated belief that, „the group put British music back on the world stage and ushered in a global renaissance in pop. † (Sinclair, 90).

Comparative Economics Studies of China and India Essay

In 1950, China and India was the two developing countries with largest resources in term of land and labor. At that time, they both had the comparable economic structures and degree of development. However, with the difference mainly in political systems, in which China is Socialist Communist government, while India adopt parliamentary democracy, and specific countries’ development policy, it leads to the difference in the rate of growth in industrialization in particular countries. The dissimilarities in political system account for the rate of decision making process. It is the particular reason China had its development policy change in 1978, which undertake export-oriented policy creating special economic zones (SEZs), result in being one of the fastest growing countries in the past 30 years, while In the case of India, before 1991, the economic growth is considerably low, referring as â€Å"Hindu rate of growth†, reflects slow growth in industrialization. After 1991, India had its economic reform policies, Industrialization begin to grow once more, especially with the support of SEZ Act in 2005. It is still questioned whether India could follow China in growth of industrialization due to poor quality of infrastructure and protesting in land acquisition. Introduction The development policy of China and India had it starting point since India’s independency in 1947 and China’s liberation in 1950. These two countries had merely identical initial position in term of economic structures. GDP per capita of China and India, using prices at 1960, were estimated to be 65 US dollar and 62 US dollar respectively. Also, total labor working in industry was 11 percent in India, while it was only 7 percent in China. Moreover, 9 percent of total output was generated in Large-scale manufacturing and utilities, similar to 6% in India. Likewise, Both China and India economies characterized by mass rural poverty under feudal mode of protection in the country side. However, the gap of industrialization between two countries began to widen during 1970s. As in 1980, there was a substantial disparity in percentage share of GDP, only 21. 9 percent in India, compare to 48. 5% in China (Saith, 2008. ) Why was the gap broadened due to similar economic structures? This paper focuses on the reason behind the different rate of industrialization that leads to discrepancy in economic growth. The first section analyzes about the distinction of Chinese and India’s political system, autocratic socialist versus parliamentary democracy, and how it affect the decision making process of two countries. Next section examines various policies of each country, including Import substitution policy of India during 1950-1990, China reform in 1979 with special economic zones (SEZs) and SEZ Act of India in 2005 and the success or failure of those policies. The third Section discusses the policy of land acquisition of China and India that contribute to industrial district. Section four reviews quality of infrastructure of two countries that affect the industrialization accordingly. The Final section concludes the paper. Political Systems There is a distinct political system between China and India. China or PRC is considered as a single-socialist party, in which general secretary of communist party is the president of PRC. This gives total power to communist party to rule over country, although there are minorities of eight other political parties. Furthermore, having economic reform in1978, it gave provincial leader powers to allocate resources in their province. Local economic performances among states evolved into the essential criterion to evaluate lower-level officials. These economic performances included GDP growth, to steel produced, the miles of road constructed (Li & Zhou, 2004. ) It created competition among state official to compete for promotion in to higher level, which increase efficiency in each states. Li and Zhou (2004) used data from 28 provincial units from 1979-1995, estimated with regressions, showing that annual growth rate of GDP has positive relationship with promotion (15 %. ) Moreover, with average growth rate over 5 years, result in positive relationship more than double of the result of annual growth rate (33%. In contrast, India constitutes a parliamentary multi-party democracy which more than 40 political parties. It can be said that Indian politics is dominated by duopoly of National Congress party and BJP party. However, those small regional parties still possess some political power as no parties have votes enough for being one-party government. After 1992, Indian politics have become politics of caste factions. Cand idates for legislative assembly seats have been selected from local faction leaders who have local ote banks in specific caste and community. There is no party which can be one-party dominance except being head of multi-party coalition (Stern, 2000. ) Also, with numerous political parties, those parties choose to play vote bank politics. Sometimes they prefer not to afflict with their vote banks, although it is better in terms of society (Inhovi, 2009. ) Moreover, the composition of state power of China and India which it was created during achieving independence or liberation is what make it difference between two political system. In India, the independence movement was supervised mainly by the people in the middle and upper castes. By this I mean, in the post-independence period, people in middle and upper castes can retain their power, while protecting their benefits. As a result, the Indian institutional framework is taking as a constraint toward industrialization and economic growth (Saith, 2008) On the other hand; revolutionary communist party led by Mao Zedong has taken control over china in 1950. Those powers were in the hand of the poor peasant and workers. Prior Status-quo and political structures were overthrown during the revolutionary under socialism. Therefore, the Chinese could adjust their institutional framework so that it is suitable for development of the countries. With the dissimilarity in political system, it leads to the differentiation in the decision making process. For China, which political system is one-party domination, the decision for policies can be made in the communist party as less transaction cost of negotiation among political parties and no obstacle from institutional framework and status-quo. But for India, having duopoly in politics with coalition of multi-party government, culture of patron-client relationship and vote banks system, such decision on policies takes longer time as high negotiation cost between political parties, and it might has conflict with their vote banks (Inhovi, 2009 . ) In addition, China had dual-track implementing system in decision making process, in which State Planning Committee (SPC) make important decision on policies. It also monitors and implements the policy, supporting by powerful party structure, result in successful solutions in terms of growth and infrastructure development. While, India had separated institutions of decision making process and implementation on policies. Strategic Plans were constructed by working groups, including representative of line ministries, technical experts and others. However, in reality, the implementation was deviated from the plan. In addition, past Indian development plans only pointed out directions but not specific goals, making implementation process harder. The distinct model of decision making process would affect both developments policies and infrastructure of both countries that lead to difference growth of industrialization and economic performance (Kim& Nangia, 2008. Development Policies In 1950s, India led by Nehru Gandhi launch first development plan, in which its objective was to promote industrialization which large investment were made basic industries. It was known as Import Substitution Policy (ISI). Self-reliance on industrial goods was their prime target. As a consequence, government placed heavy pr otection against domestic industries with licenses, permits and quotas. Only manufactured goods that improve productivity of industrial goods were allowed to import. The development of industrial sector was portrayed by central planning which controlled private sector through license and permits and massive investment in public sector, including specific industries exclusively reserved (McMillan& Naughton, 1992. ) Consequently, India industrialized that its industries mostly produce everything from tinned fruit to nuclear energy (Stern, 2000). However, the rate of industrialization is slow as in behalf of non-comparative advantage and high costs of producing goods. Still, average annual GDP growth in industrial sector in real term from 1951-1960 was 5. 7% (Reserved bank of India, 2011. ) At the same time, China had its development policy slightly differentiate from India. China also had development policy centrally planned. However, it relied on the collectivization of agricultural sector, using surplus on development of producing raw materials, investment goods industries and larger-scale, capital intensive industry. All trade of China was c ontrolled by foreign trade corporations, which indeed owned by ministry of Foreign trade. It regulated all imports and exports to specific quantitative guidelines. Similar to India, China’s export and import is irrelevant to country’s comparative advantage (Branstetter& Lardy, 2006. ) Then, in 1970s, there’s a turning point in Chinese economy. China, led by Deng Xiaoping, had a several economic reforms especially creating â€Å"special economic zones. † These zones were enacted for which foreign firms receive preferential tax and administrative treatment and given an unusually free hand in their operations (Branstetter& Lardy, 2006. ) By that time, there were 4 zones: Shenzen, Zhuhai, Xiamen and Shantou. The prime objective of SEZs was to serve as a bridge to introducing foreign capital, technology and knowledge and management know-how (Roychoudhury, 2010. ) These special economic zones had several advantages. First, each of the zones is extremely large in terms of geographical area; for instance, 2000 square kilometers in Shenzen. It creates cost advantage of economies of scale for industrial sector both internal and external, and low transportation cost among suppliers. Second, they locate in the coastal area, having ports and transport networks. Also, these zones were established near major cities or countries; for example, Shenzen neighbor Hongkong, and Xiamen borders Taiwan. It could attract foreign investment from nearby cities, boast industrialization in SEZs. Moreover, foreign industries received preferential tax in corporate tax rate; the actual tax burden is 11%, while domestic industry paid 23% in actual tax burden, although nowadays, the preferential tax had been lifted except few high-technology sector and small enterprises (Guo& Feng, 2007. SEZs helped foster rapid industrialization in China within its area; incentivize foreign investors using comparative advantage of cheap labor costs. Along with the assistance of import policy in 1987, which granted imports of raw materials, parts and components for exporting production purpose tax-free, China industrial sector emerged as low-wage assembly services (Branstetter& Lardy, 2006. ) As a result, SEZs growth has been enormous, as an example of Shenzen, which av erage annual GDP growth rate from 1980-2005 was 27%, later referred as â€Å"Shenzen Speed† (Guo& Feng, 2007. Later on, China has gained benefit from importing technical knowledge contained in capital goods, parts and components; as a result, some of the industry has shifted from assembling and processing services to self-manufacturing (Branstetter& Lardy, 2006. ) By the end of 2005, there are five Shenzen brands with sale more than 10 billion Yuan. The actual use of foreign capital inShenzen has increased to $3. 3 billion in 2006, compare to $153. 7 million in 1979 (Guo& Feng, 2007. ) 7% of gross world FDI flows in 2009 went in to China, increase significantly from 1% in 1980. In 2008, China had its share of world GDP in PPP basis of nearly 12% compare to 2% in 1980. China’s real GDP has increased average over 10% annually (Roychoudhury, 2010. ) SEZs policy has proved its own successful, accelerating industrialization and economic growth in China in the past 30 years. In contrast, coping with Hindu rate of growth for over 40 years, 3 percent per annum from 1947 to 1975 and 5 percent per annum from 1976-1991, India had its economic reform later in 1991, starting trade liberalization to oster industrialization and economic growth, including abolishing of industrial licensing, decreasing tariff protection, removing industries reserved for public sector and small-scale sector and liberalizing foreign direct investment. Before trade liberalization, the import substitution policy proved to be inefficiency due to licensing policy, high cost of producing, inflexibility of labor market and non-incentive for efficiency improvement (Ahluwalia, 2002. ) Companie s paid no attention on management training, quality control and advertising because there is only few or no competitor due to licensing policy and tariff protection. As in 1970s, Indian market for industrial goods soon exhausted as domestic market is small and low competitiveness against other companies in the world market. GDP growth in industrial sector of India from 1971-1980 is only 4. 3% especially growth from 1970-1976 is only 3. 4%, compare to 5. 9% and 6. 2% for growth from 1951-1960 and 1961-1970 respectively (reserved Bank of India, 2011. ) As a consequent, industrial licensing has been nullified, replaced by new competition law to increase competitive environment in domestic and international market. Moreover, 15 industries in public sector that was reserved exclusively, such as iron and steel, air transport services, have been opened for private companies to invest. Also, some of productions reserved for small-scale sector have been removed as those productions have export potential. Moreover, import licensing against capital goods and intermediate goods were removed in 1993, and quantitative restrictions on imports of manufactured consumer goods were abolished in 2001. It increased competitiveness for domestic industry, forcing to compete with other companies in global markets. In addition, Average tariff rate has reduced from 72. 5% in 1991-1992 to 15 percent in 2004, which will increase competition in domestic markets. However, the average tariff was considered high, comparing to China (Ahluwalia, 2002. ) The growth in economy and industrialization in India in late 2000s also partly came from â€Å"Special Economic Zones† or SEZ. In 2005, Government of India has passed SEZ A, which it goals was to incentivize local and foreign investors and promote export. There are numerous benefits investing under special economic zones.. Firstly, the government provided duty free import of goods for development, operation and maintenance of SEZ units. Secondly, income tax on export in the first 5 years is exempted, and 50% exempted in year 6TH -10TH and 50% of the export ploughed back export profit for year 11TH-15TH. Third, SEZs units also exempted from central sales tax, service tax and minimum alternate tax. Moreover, SEZs units could borrow from external commercial borrowing up to 500 million dollars in a year without maturity restriction. In addition, SEZs unit gain benefit from single window clearance for central and state approvals, which reduce transaction cost of dealing with governments (SEZ India website, 2011. ) The SEZs policy in India is quite similar to SEZs policy in China; however, there are some distinctions between two countries. First, SEZs units in China mostly produce industrial products or consider in industrial sector, while in India, it can be both industrial sector and service sector. IT/ITES/Electronic hardware Technology parks accounted for 61. 3% of formal approvals of SEZs.

Causes Of The Whiskey Rebellion - 1521 Words

Taxes. No one likes them, but taxes are something that everybody has to pay. This statement was very true for colonial America. One of the biggest factors resulting in America revolting against the British was the various taxes Britain levied on the Americans. After the American Revolution, taxes were not able to be enacted until the Articles of Confederation were eliminated and the US Constitution was established. The Constitution allowed Congress to levy their first tax on domestic goods, which was on distilled beverages. This tax proved to be the ultimate test for the growing America, and would begin the Whiskey Rebellion. In 1791, the United States Congress had just passed a new tax on alcohol, with a vote of 35-21, in hopes of paying†¦show more content†¦These attacks grew more personal when they targeted General John Neville, a federal tax inspector. While at first an opponent of the law, he later grew to accept the law, which made many view General Neville as a traitor. Tom the Tinkers men proceeded to create a straw likeness of Neville and burned it South of Pittsburgh. New of the burning spread across the nation, and as a result the government had to start taking action. The Federal District Attorney, William Rawle, required that all those not paying the tax were to come to Philadelphia at federal court. Later it was changed so those who failed to pay the tax could go to local courts, but by then it was too late. The US marshal David Lenox was already sent to deliver the writs to the offending people. Lenox would later be joined by General Neville, and they would soon be greeted by the g reatest conflict of the Whiskey Rebellion. Lenox and General Neville proceeded to William Miller’s farm to give miller summons to what they thought would be a peaceful process. A problem arose when Miller was told to pay a $250 fine(approximately $5,300 today) and had to use even more resources to travel to Pennsylvania, to be seen in court. Outraged, he started a vocal debate with Lenox. General Neville, after noticing two figures following Neville and Lenox, made Lenox leave with him. While heading towards Neville’s home of Bower Hill, Neville and Lenox heardShow MoreRelatedCauses And Reasons Of Shays Rebellion And The Whiskey Rebellion1244 Words   |  5 Pagesmost times resented them. Their resentment in relation to the taxes sparked protests and led to large scale rebellions to express their grievances to the government. Both Shays rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion were similar in their causes and purpose but they differed in consequences and their significance. Shays Rebellion and The Whiskey Rebellion were both fought for similar causes and purpose. Following the revolution, the United States was faced with economic hardships. Leaders often turnedRead MorePolitical Parties in George Washingtons Cabinet758 Words   |  4 Pagescentral government, while the anti-federalists opposed most their ideas. 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